Main Idea Questions:
1. America's first long term settlement at Jamestown, Virginia nearly did not survive existence. What factors did the colonists face that made life so difficult for them to survive (make sure to know what factors impacted the colonists such as, food, work, health, social, and organization).
2. Why was Bacon’s Rebellion a turning point for the status and rights of people of African descent in Virginia?
3. How was Oglethorpe's view of his Georgia colony different than that of other English colonies and why?
2. Why was Bacon’s Rebellion a turning point for the status and rights of people of African descent in Virginia?
3. How was Oglethorpe's view of his Georgia colony different than that of other English colonies and why?
Terms:
- Puritans
- Separatists
- Pilgrims
- Plymouth
- Mayflower
- Mayflower Compact
- Massachusetts Bay Colony
- John Winthrop
- Roger Williams
- Anne Hutchinson
- Joint-stock companies
- Virginia Company
- Jamestown
- Powhatan Confederacy
- Chief Powhatan
- John Smith
- Tobacco
- Indentured servants
- Pocahontas
- John Rolfe
- Headright
- Bacon’s Rebellion
- Quakers
- William Penn
- Georgia
- General James E. Oglethorpe
- Slavery in the colonies
Puritans and Pilgrims, What's the Difference?
1534 - Brits booted from Catholic Church because of King Henry VIII's hobby of divorcing his wives. To replace the oppressiveness of the OG Catholic Church, the Church of England was created (keep in mind this is going on around the Reformation time period as well). The C of E was essentially the Catholic Church in rights and rituals EXCEPT, instead of the Pope being the head dude of authority, it was British Monarchy.
Back then it wasn't optional to attend church. A group of unhappy worshippers in rural Northern England began meeting in secret, called Separatists, if caught they could lose everything b/c it was viewed as treason. As bounties and manhunts became more common, the Separatists knew they had to find another place to live. First they moved to the Netherlands, a place more tolerant than England, but they became afraid their children would become more Dutch than English. That's when they decided the only way to be able to be English and practice their religion as they wanted, was to go to the New World.
Under the leadership of William Bradford, they traveled back to England and went aboard the Mayflower to sail to the New World. **Note** the proper noun version of the term "Pilgrim" was not a word known in their vocabulary at the time, that term did not emerge until about 1800, when local citizens and decedents of the original Mayflower travelers formed the Pilgrim Society to act as a committee to plan the yearly founding celebration of Plymouth Colony. Before said organization formed in 1800, they were called "first-comers" or "forefathers."
The Mayflower arrived in December 1620 (not the best time of year to start a colony in the wilderness of New England), about 60 of the 102 passengers aboard the Mayflower died in the first winter from starvation, freezing temps, and disease. Luckily, with help from the local Wampanoags, they were taught the ways of the Natives and learned to survive, which culminated in the the great Thanksgiving feast attended by both parties in 1621. **NOTE 2** Only 41 of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower were actually Pilgrims. ****NOTE 3**** 24 males from the Mayflower produced children that carried on with their surname. Today, 35 million people, or 12% of the population of the U.S. trace their ancestors back to the Mayflower (on average about 15 generations are in between the Mayflower Pilgrims and today).***
Back then it wasn't optional to attend church. A group of unhappy worshippers in rural Northern England began meeting in secret, called Separatists, if caught they could lose everything b/c it was viewed as treason. As bounties and manhunts became more common, the Separatists knew they had to find another place to live. First they moved to the Netherlands, a place more tolerant than England, but they became afraid their children would become more Dutch than English. That's when they decided the only way to be able to be English and practice their religion as they wanted, was to go to the New World.
Under the leadership of William Bradford, they traveled back to England and went aboard the Mayflower to sail to the New World. **Note** the proper noun version of the term "Pilgrim" was not a word known in their vocabulary at the time, that term did not emerge until about 1800, when local citizens and decedents of the original Mayflower travelers formed the Pilgrim Society to act as a committee to plan the yearly founding celebration of Plymouth Colony. Before said organization formed in 1800, they were called "first-comers" or "forefathers."
The Mayflower arrived in December 1620 (not the best time of year to start a colony in the wilderness of New England), about 60 of the 102 passengers aboard the Mayflower died in the first winter from starvation, freezing temps, and disease. Luckily, with help from the local Wampanoags, they were taught the ways of the Natives and learned to survive, which culminated in the the great Thanksgiving feast attended by both parties in 1621. **NOTE 2** Only 41 of the 102 passengers on the Mayflower were actually Pilgrims. ****NOTE 3**** 24 males from the Mayflower produced children that carried on with their surname. Today, 35 million people, or 12% of the population of the U.S. trace their ancestors back to the Mayflower (on average about 15 generations are in between the Mayflower Pilgrims and today).***
Puritans
Unlike the Pilgrims, the Puritans believed that the Church could be reformed. They believed in "the congregational way." They believed that it wasn't Popes or Kings that were the leaders of the church, but Jesus Christ, as they read in the Bible. They didn't have traditional sermons and preaching on Sunday, more of a, "speak from the heart" at the moment testifying of the Holy Spirit. They were spiritually bound to the group and its beliefs, decisions were made democratically, especially in regard to church leaders. They differed the most from Pilgrims because they believed that they could practice this way in their local churches w/o abandoning the mother church, the Church of England. This difference caused problems with the two groups and impacted how they treated one another. Puritans arrived in 1630, ten years after the Pilgrims, but they arrived in greater numbers (17 ships with more than 1,000 passengers to be specific). Eventually, the Pilgrims become the fringe of the New World society in Plymouth and essentially become second class citizens, many leave the New World and return to the Netherlands.
Another difference was in the reason the Puritans left England in the first place. Many of the Puritans that traveled to the New World were already somewhat well off, they believed the adventure to be an opportunity to increase their value by owning land in America. They also believed that being 3,000 miles away from England, they could perfect what they believed the best form of the church. The leader of the Puritans, John Winthrop, believed that the Puritan way of worship would and should spread, the Pilgrims were never very focused on creating a big movement.
Lastly, there were roughly 2,600 Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony, while the Massachusetts Bay Colony, settled by Puritans, by 1640, had over 20,000 people, it effectively swallowed up little Plymouth. The two groups are often used in American language today as one in the same, but they were not. Puritans would have accepted the idea of Manifest Destiny (the God given right to expand), while the Pilgrims would not have bothered. Another difference was how the two viewed Native Americans. Pilgrims at least made an attempt at cooperation with the Natives and even tolerated other religions, the Puritans not so much. ***NOTE 4**** Pilgrims could not afford black dye to make clothing and hats. They wore whatever was considered common or cheap fabric, white, tan, blue, green, orange among others. Only the Puritans could have purchased clothing that matched in design and color, especially in the form of manly hats.
Another difference was in the reason the Puritans left England in the first place. Many of the Puritans that traveled to the New World were already somewhat well off, they believed the adventure to be an opportunity to increase their value by owning land in America. They also believed that being 3,000 miles away from England, they could perfect what they believed the best form of the church. The leader of the Puritans, John Winthrop, believed that the Puritan way of worship would and should spread, the Pilgrims were never very focused on creating a big movement.
Lastly, there were roughly 2,600 Pilgrims in Plymouth Colony, while the Massachusetts Bay Colony, settled by Puritans, by 1640, had over 20,000 people, it effectively swallowed up little Plymouth. The two groups are often used in American language today as one in the same, but they were not. Puritans would have accepted the idea of Manifest Destiny (the God given right to expand), while the Pilgrims would not have bothered. Another difference was how the two viewed Native Americans. Pilgrims at least made an attempt at cooperation with the Natives and even tolerated other religions, the Puritans not so much. ***NOTE 4**** Pilgrims could not afford black dye to make clothing and hats. They wore whatever was considered common or cheap fabric, white, tan, blue, green, orange among others. Only the Puritans could have purchased clothing that matched in design and color, especially in the form of manly hats.
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